Bunbury: Past, Present and Future 1917

BUNBURY HERALD SUPPLEMENT - WEDNESDAY NOVEMBER 7 1917

The man who does not feel a thrill when he reads of the early struggles of the pioneers, who helped to make his town what it is, lacks something. The pioneers of Bunbury were, for the most part, men of birth and education, moved by the great spirit of adventure to settle in the unknown. Some went under, while others made good, and their names are now household words in Bunbury and district.

West Australia was founded in 1829, and owing to the rapid alienation of land in and around Perth, Mr. Surveyor Collie and Lieutenant Preston, R.N, were exploring in this neighbourhood the same year. They got as far as where Busselton now is, and, on the way, explored and named the rivers flowing into the Leschenault Estuary.

The Foundation of Bunbury (or Leschenault as it was then called) dates from 6th March, 1830, when Governor Stirling formed a military post here to protect intending settlers. The native name, by the way, was Koombana. This was soon abandoned, as the number of settlers did not warrant the outlay. Henty Bros., at this time, took up the Henty Estate, but shortly afterwards left for Tasmania. From there, they proceeded to Australia Felix, and founded Portland. For some time prior to Batman discovering the site of what is now Melbourne, they were the only whites in Victoria. One member of the family, the first white child born in that State, died within the last few years. Henty Bros, brought to the West from Sussex agricultural implements, stud sheep, farm servants and domestics in their own specially chartered ship. But the Swan River Settlement did not suit them, and they passed on. Settlers in the twenties were Mr. Scott, who did the first clearing and grew the first wheat; Mr. Ommanney, who surveyed the townsite, and Messrs. Blythe and Hayes, connected with the military. In February, 1841, the townsite of Bunbury, named after a lieutenant of H.M.S. Beagle, and not after the family who subsequently settled near the present site of the Picton Church, was gazetted.

In March of the same year, the 'Parkfield' arrived with the first settlers for Australind, although preparatory work commenced in 1839. Mr. M. W. Clifton, F.R.S., was in charge, and his descendants are still on the site of what was intended to be a large city. A plan in the Perth Museum shows the ambitious projects of the company as regards the city of Australind. The party landed at Scott's landing, in the bend beyond Beigel's Brewery. At this time there were only two houses, Mr. Eliot's on Bury Hill, and one on the present site of Hayward & Sons' store. Mr. George Eliot, a nephew of the late Governor Stirling, was the first R.M., and father of the late Under-Secretary for the Treasury, who was born here. Mr. Austin was Chief Surveyor, Mr. Harley-Johnston Surveyor, and Mr. W. Thomson, Chief Engineer in connection with Australind. Mr. Johnston was the father of Forster Johnston, and the late Surveyor-General, Frank Johnston. The latter left a son, Bertie Johnston, M.L.A.

The 'Trusty', 'Diadem' (with 170 passengers) and many other ships arrived in 1842, bringing with them the ancestors of many well-known families, such as the Fergusons, Forrests, Gibbs, Gardiners, Birches, Clarkes, Stallards, McAndrews, Spencers, Ramsays, Sholls, Delaportes, etc. The Rev. Mr. Wollaston also arrived at this time, as did also Mr. J. B. Wenn and Mr. Eedle, from Fremantle. Bunbury then consisted of 17 houses.

Australind was a failure, for a variety of reasons, and by 1843 the settlers had gradually drifted away from the place, some settling in Bunbury. Dr. Ferguson settled at Wedderburn, Mr. E. Rose's place, and Mr. Eedle went to the same district. William Forrest took up land at Mill Point. Many of his sons have made their mark in Western Australia. Indeed, the fame of one— Sir John Forrest — is worldwide, his greatest triumph after the Goldfields' Water Supply being the completion of the Trans - Australian Railway this month. 

Bunbury owed its first real start to the whaling industry, which was mostly in the hands of Americans. It is interesting to note that the arrival of ships was notified to settlers by flags or fires on Lighthouse and Stirling Hills. The whaling industry declined when the Civil War broke out in the U.S.A., and our sole reminder of it, nowadays, is the Whalebone Arch still to be seen at the corner of Wittenoom and Symons Streets. Mr. Jas. Wenn, who still lives at South Bunbury, placed them there nearly 60 years ago, assisted by the late Mr. Zeddie. The former gentleman, a cooper by trade, came here in connection with the whaling industry, being employed by Hapgood and Viveash, of Perth. A Mr. Buswell also arrived at the same time. At the foot of Lighthouse Hill were carried on the operations for the recovery of the oil. The town flourished on the sale of fresh food and vegetables to the whalers, and, incidentally smuggling was rampant. The trade was mostly carried on by means of barter, calico, dungarees, tobacco, etc., being mostly in demand by the settlers.

In the fifties, the Timperleys, Riches, Haywards, Roses, and many others first came to reside here. The floods of 1862 are memorable. Many lives were lost, and a vast amount of damage done to property. In this year also arrived the Rev. Joseph Withers (Anglican) and the Rev. A. Buchanan (Congregationalist), who were mainly instrumental in securing schools for outlying districts.

In '67, the 'Lass of Geraldton' bound for Bunbury from Fremantle, was capsized in a squall, and Mr. George Shenton — with six others — was drowned. 1870 saw the completion of the Telegraph to Bunbury. Shortly afterwards Mr. E. M. Clarke started in business. Railway communication was established on 8th September, 1893, and this brings us to Bunbury as she is, and the present aspect of affairs must receive attention.

MODERN BUNBURY

No review of our town would be complete without some reference to the gentlemen who have occupied the Mayoral chair. Unfortunately, it is difficult to get a full list of Bunbury's Chief Magistrates, and the period during which they enjoyed the position. Amongst others, however, may be mentioned Mr. W. Spencer, who arrived in the forties, and engaged in business here. He was chairman of the School Boards and, at the time of his death, represented the district in the Legislative Council. The late Mr. Thos. Hayward, founder of the firm of Thos. Hayward and Sons, also filled the positions of Mayor and Legislative Councillor. The late Mr. Jas. Moore, father of Sir Newton Moore, was Chief Magistrate in the nineties, as was the son aforementioned at a later period. The late Chas. Wisbey has, we believe, the honour of going down to history as Bunbury's first Mayor. Mr. C. E. Spencer (1905) son of Mr. W. Spencer, was succeeded by H. Brashaw. Mr. Lee Steere, now at the front, Mr. C. Fraenkel, and Mr. G. E. Clarke are of more recent date.

PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATION

Bunbury has elected four members to the Assembly, two of whom became Premier, and a third Hon. Minister for Lands — surely a unique record for a town of its size. Moreover, two of them received the honor of knighthood at the hands of their sovereign. The members referred to are Sir John Forrest, Sir Newton Moore, and Mr. W. L. Thomas. The present representatives are: The Hons. E. Rose, E. M. Clarke, and J. Ewing, in the Upper House; and G. C. Money, Esq., in the Assembly.

Mr. E. M. Clarke is the doyen of local legislators, he having sat continuously in the Legislative Council since 1891. Mr. Ewing, a well-known Perth surveyor, became a member in 1912, and Mr. Rose, a N.W. squatter interested in local farming properties, in 1916. Mr. G. C. Money has not yet been sworn in, he having defeated Mr. W. L. Thomas in the recent elections. He is a partner in the firm of Stanley, Money and Bath, solicitors of Bunbury.

THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL

Bunbury was gazetted a Municipal Council in 1871. The Mayor for 1916-17 is J. G. Baldock, Esq., J.P, a well-known businessman of the town. The town is divided into three Wards, and the Councillors are: — North Ward: Messrs. A. R. Foreman, H.J. Minors, and W. J. Ford. Central Ward: Messrs. T. W. Paisley, W. J. Buswell, and J. G. Hough. South Ward: Messrs. A. North, W. Cross, and J. C. Tobin. Cr; A. North, a well-known local auctioneer and land and estate agent, is the Treasurer. Mr. W. J. Norrie is the energetic Town Clerk. Born in Bunbury in 1881, he has filled the position to the satisfaction of the late D. King; Health Inspector and Manager of the Sewage Farm, J. Styles; Rate Collector. T. T. Moore.; Foreman, T. Brittain; Manager, Electric Light Works, H. Phillips; Librarian, Miss T. Paisley. The Resident Medical Officer is Dr. I. J. Flynn, and Dr. S. C. Joel occupies the position of Health Officer.

The population of Bunbury is nearly 4.000, but it serves a district containing nearly 10,000 people. The proportion of men who have gone to the front from Bunbury and district is above the average. Moreover, their wives, in many instances, have left the place to reside in the metropolis during the husband's enforced absence, otherwise the above figures would be larger.

Under the control of the Municipal Council, in addition to its ordinary functions as regards the construction of roads, are the following public facilities: — The Sanitation of the Town, combined with which is a Sewage Farm, Electric Lighting, Cemeteries, Water Supply, Public Library, Public Baths, and, during wartime, many Patriotic Funds.

The cemetery in Wellington-street is not now used except in the cases of relations of deceased persons buried there. All other funerals take place at the new cemetery at South Bunbury. Burials take place between the hours of 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. (Sundays 2 p.m. to 4.30 p.m.), from the 1st September to the 30th April, but the time is restricted by half an hour during the remainder of the year. The fees are the same as those in force at Karrakatta, and range from £1 to £37 16s., according as the relations wish the burial to take place in open ground, or desire an exclusive right of burial and a large-sized plot of ground.

The library is under the control of Miss T. Paisley, who has in her care some 2,200 volumes. The Librarian is in attendance between the hours of 10.30 a.m. and 12.30 p.m., 2 p.m. and 4 p.m., and 7 p.m. to 8 p.m., except on Saturdays, when she is not present in the afternoon, and remains for an extra half hour in the evening.

The Reading Room, run in connection with the Library, is free, and contains a generous supply of all the latest English and Australian periodicals and newspapers. The subscription for those wishing to borrow books from the Library is 4/- per quarter, and two books may be taken out, and retained a fortnight. If there are two subscribers in a family, they may pay 5/- and obtain three books at a time. This undoubted facility cost the ratepayers during 1916, £92. There is also a Writing Room available, free, for the use of citizens and visitors alike. Working on this capitalisation, the accumulated profits to the 31st December, 1916, amount to £2193, the profit for the last year being £175. Over £1800 per annum is paid by ratepayers for the service. Mr. T. Stokes (after Beigel's Brewery) was the first resident to strike water by boring. This he did at a depth of 73 feet in 1903, on the very day that Sir John Forrest opened the Mundaring Water Scheme. The town's supply is pumped from two bores, one at Charles-street and one at the E.L. Station. It is forced up to the storage tank on top of Picton Hill, whence it is supplied to ratepayers by gravitation. A new bore, near the Police Station, should be in use shortly to eke out the town's supply. Good water has been struck at just over the 100 feet, and it will be utilised as soon as the new pump arrives. Water rates are 9d. in the £1 on the capital value, with a minimum of £1. A special garden rate is also in force where ratepayers use over 10,000 gallons. Every 1000 gallons over that quantity costs 2/-.

MUNICIPAL FINANCES

The Municipality of Bunbury has raised twelve loans totalling £51,100, all at 5 per cent., except the first £600, which was obtained at 4 per cent. The Water Board and Electric Lighting Scheme are liable for £18,000 of the above amount, and £8,510, are in the Sinking Fund, leaving the Council's nett indebtedness at £24,590.

The annual rateable value of property within the Municipality is £35,600. The rates struck for 1916 were: — General, 1/6; Loan, 1/0½; Health, 2½d. ; total, 2/9. The revenue resulting was £4675, as against the estimate of £6575.

The principal sources of revenue are: — Licences and Building Permits, £282; Subsidy, £272; Rents (Baths, Tennis Courts, etc.), £184; Cemetery Fees, £177; Interest (E.L., Water and Sanitary accounts), £1065; Loan Rates, £1731; General Rates, £2562. The bank overdraft was £1324, and £1070 had been advanced from Loan and Electric Light accounts.

ELECTRIC LIGHTING

Street lighting cost the Council £465 during 1916. A new accumulator was recently installed at a cost of £1300. The output for both generators was 220,000 units, and 60 percent of this amount was disposed of. Lighting fees totalling £4181 were received, and a profit of less than £5 made, after putting aside £938 for depreciation.

HEALTH DEPARTMENT

The general health of the district is unfailingly good. During 1916, there were 21 cases of diphtheria, one of enteric, and three of tuberculosis. Measles and chickenpox in a mild form were also manifested. The last audited accounts show that the Health Account indebtedness increased from £204 to £377. The rates totalled £380, and other receipts £192. Wages accounted for £408 of the expenditure.

BATHS, BOWLING GREEN, ETC

The Baths (Lessee, Mrs. Ada Lawson) are at the shore end of the jetty. Surf bathing is affecting their position, and last year a profit of £15 only was realised by the Council. The Bowling Green also made a slight profit — £4. The Tennis Courts, however, cost the Council £24 more than they produced.

FIRE BRIGADE

The Fire Brigade Station is under the control of Permanent Officer T. Stokes. The brigade is a volunteer one, consisting of 29 members. The Rev. S. W. Edwards is Captain, and W. S. Hales secretary. Recently, an up-to-date motor appliance has been installed. The cost to the town in 1916 was £248.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS

Bunbury, although possessing many imposing private dwellings, can boast of few notable public buildings.

The Post Office, in Stephen-street, was opened by Sir John Forrest on the 24th September, 1894. Next door to it are the Municipal Chambers. Right opposite is the Court House, opened; by the Hon. N. J. Moore (now Sir Newton) on the 22nd December, 1906.

In Prinsep-street is the Fire Brigade Station, the foundation stone of which was laid by the then Mayor (C. Fraenkel, Esq.) on the 29th January, 1915.

There is also a Drill Hall, for Commonwealth defense purposes.

SCHOOLS

The State School, in Spencer-street, is under the care of Mr. J. Telford, who has with him a staff of twelve teachers, both male and female. The enrolment is over 420 children. An infants' school, under Miss Kimber, assisted by a capable staff, caters for the educational requirements of some 120 boys and girls. A Technical School and Continuation Classes serve another 200 scholars, and, besides the ordinary subjects, book-keeping, shorthand, woodwork, millinery, dress-cutting, etc., are taught. The staff comprises:—State School, J. Telford, headteacher, Mr. P. Mitchell, Miss C. Stevens, Miss McWean, Mr. D. Marshall, Miss G. Fowler, Miss G. Jeans, Miss C. Gibbs, Miss A. Moriarty, Miss E. Boyd, Mrs. Sainsbury, Miss Dawson, Miss Hanrahan; Infants: Miss Kimber, headteacher, Mrs. McCall, Miss Ryan, Miss Hayes.

As a result of the policy of the late Wilson Government, it was decided to establish high schools in country centres. Bunbury was one of the places deemed worthy of this facility, and the building is now in course of erection (J. G. Hough, contractor).

CATHOLIC SCHOOLS

The Catholic Schools are controlled by the Sisters of Mercy, who came to Bunbury in the end of 1880. In the early days of their history in Bunbury, they had no proper appointments by way of schools or convent. For years and years, they lived in a little cottage, and finally an effort was made, 24 years ago, to build the imposing structure now so well known in the whole South-Western District as the Mercy Convent, Bunbury. The older Catholic inhabitants vividly remember the early-day struggles. They taught Sunday School at Dardanup and Picton as well as Bunbury; but their strenuous life and high intellectual attainments soon won them friends and pupils. The present St. Joseph's School was quickly built, and, immediately after, provision was made for a High School under the patronage of the Sacred Heart; and finally a large and commodious school was built in South Bunbury. At the present time the Sisters teach upwards of 300 students, while the music pupils come from far and near. As soon as Bunbury was educationally equipped, the Sisters established branch convents and schools at Bridgetown and Greenbushes. A school was built by the Sisters at Donnybrook. Admirably situated, commanding a lovely view of the town and country, the school promises great things. Painting and music receive special attention.

During the twenty-four years of the convent's existence in Bunbury, the Sisters have not received any monetary consideration whatever from the Government. That their teaching capacity is not merely efficient, but brilliant, the records of those long years testify. It is only students from the Convent School who have so far won Government Scholarships, and the musical results are high; indeed, they are among the very highest in the Commonwealth. Still, they have had to build their schools and pay for them; and all the while the Catholic schools pay pro-rata for the upkeep of the State Schools, and also help to build and pay for the Catholic Schools. One would think that the Government, in honour and justice, would recompense the Catholic teachers for work done that can and does compare well with the very best done in the State Schools. Contrasting this treatment of Catholic Schools with that of the Old Country, the legislators of W.A. make a poor showing. Strained as the relations are between England and Ireland, the British Government handsomely pays the teachers in all the Catholic schools in Ireland. What a shock it would give the W.A. Government if by any combination of circumstances it had to provide for the education of the three hundred children attending the Bunbury Catholic Schools. It would cost thousands of pounds to find accommodation and teachers alone. There is also a Church of England Grammar School in Clifton Street, under the able superintendence of Miss Birch.

HOSPITAL

A Government Hospital was opened by Sir John Forrest on the 15th March, 1897. Matt Wallace, now of the Commercial Club, was the contractor responsible for the building, which stands on an eminence at the end of the main street. Miss Andrew is the matron, and she has a staff of 4 nurses, including an isolation nurse, to assist her. Dr. Flynn is the District Government Medical Officer, and has complete control of the hospital. The hospital has a capacity of 24 beds, with an additional eight beds in the Isolation Ward, and the terms are, as is usual in similar Government institutions, two guineas per week.

Nurse Brown controls a well equipped private hospital in Wollaston-street, and those requiring attention are assured of getting it there. The town claims the usual number of nurses in private practice, and from that point of view Bunbury is well served. Nurse Boehm represents the District Nursing Association, and her kindly face (and motorcycle) is known throughout the town. She has brought hope and gladness into many a poor house, or household suddenly afflicted with sickness, and everyone gladly bears witness to the good work being done by the District Nursing Association.

POLICE

The Inspector for the South-West, M. H. Brophy, Esq., has his headquarter in Bunbury. In charge of the town police is Sergeant R. H. Pilmer, well known throughout the State in connection with the punitive expeditions, of a few years back, out along the Canning Stock Route. Six constables, one mounted man, and two water policemen help him to maintain law and order.

The Police Barracks are near the Court House and the Municipal Chambers, at the head of Stephen-street. They date from 1864, and were once used as the local police court. Once the State recovers from its present financial stringency, it is to be hoped that more suitable buildings will be erected, more in keeping with the importance of the town of Bunbury.

BANKS

As in other matters, Bunbury is here especially well catered for. The number of the financial institutions amply testifies to the wealth of the town, and the district it serves.

The Commonwealth Savings Bank uses the local Post Office as an agency, and Mr. Bird, the popular P.M., is in charge. A branch of the State Savings Bank has a site quite near the Railway Station, Mr. H. F. Ross being the manager. Private corporations represented are: — The Bank of Australasia (Mr. R. A. B. McKay, manager); The W.A. Bank (Mr. R. W. Lowe, manager); The Union Bank of Australia (Mr. J. Verschuer, manager); and the National Bank of Australasia (Mr. C. M. Fawkner, manager). The latter is the oldest established bank in W.A., we believe, except the Western Australian.

LOCAL INDUSTRIES

Bunbury is essentially a place where local industries will have a big say in sending the town ahead. She has always fully recognised this, and, considering her size, she has as many purely local industries running as most places. At one time a prosperous boot factory, employing over 200 hands, was in full swing at South Bunbury, under Mr. Prosser's guidance. Competition from the Eastern States, however, combined with other causes, killed it, but we hope that, as a part of the scheme for repatriating our soldiers, the industry will be revived. Industries now extant are: — The Bunbury Butter Co. Ltd., T. Stokes and Co., Mineral Water Manufacturers, established in 1887, and Fouracre and Wass'.

Bacon Curing Factory

In addition, R. Fiddes has recently started a factory for the manufacture of teddy bears and similar toys. He has, in competition with Eastern States' firms, already secured a contract for supplying an Adelaide house with 300 dozen teddy bears. In Stephen-street, another small industry is in the making. Here all kinds of basket chairs and cane ware are turned out, and there seems every reason to hope that the business will become important.

The Bunbury Butter Factory is deserving of special mention in an article such as this, for the dairying industry will be one of the chief factors in the future prosperity of the town. Founded some nine years ago, it has distributed over £64,000 in the district. That means had not the factory been in existence, that amount of our money would have gone East. As it is, it has been kept in the State, and, not only that, in the Bunbury district. Towards the end of 1916, the factory was burned down, but, before the end of September 1917, a thoroughly up-to-date establishment had arisen out of the ruins. The fire was a blessing in disguise, for the directors, when faced with the problem, built a factory with a plant capable of coping with all the business likely to be. The following table shows the amount of butter made, in lbs: —

Week ending 18 August, 1917 1021½

Week ending 25 August, 1917 . . 3076½

Week ending 1 September, 1917 . . 3536½

Week ending 8 September, 1917 . . 3443½

Week ending 15 September, 1917 . . 4369½

Week ending 22 September, 1917 . . 4878

Week ending 29 September, 1917 . . 5099

Week ending 6 October, 1917 . . 5707½

Week ending 13 October, 1917 . . 6010

Week ending 20 October, 1917 . . 6914

Such a record of progress can only lead to success, and the importance of the industry to the town cannot be too forcibly stressed. The amount paid for cream, that is money distributed for circulation in the Bunbury district, is:—

August, 1917 (half month) £543

September, 1917 .. .. .. .. .. .. £1290

In September, 1916, before the old establishment was burned down, £1196 was paid for cream, so the new factory has already got into its stride. In October last year, £1735 was distributed and in November £1879. It is anticipated, in view of the enquiries being made, that these figures will be exceeded, and that the present year will constitute a record in the company's history. One hundred and twenty suppliers started under the new regime, and they have since increased to 170. Still further increases are expected until the end of November. The old plant was capable of producing 3½ tons of butter per week, while the new plant has a capacity of 12 tons. With the expenditure of about £300, at most, the output could be increased to 21 tons.

THE PORT OF BUNBURY

Bunbury possesses a Harbour Board, the members of which are nominees of the Government. All nett profits made by the Port go into consolidated revenue. It would be better for Bunbury if there were a Harbour Trust. Then all the surplus revenue would be spent in improving the port, instead of, as at present, being doled back, for much needed construction work, in pittances, and that at the sweet will of whatever Government is in power. The present Board consists of. the Chairman, F. W. Steere, Esq., who is now at the front, and 4 members. Mr. Steere is an ex-Mayor of the Town, and Secretary of the Bunbury Building Society. In addition he follows his profession as an architect. The other members are Messrs. J. Monk-house, J. G. Baldock (Mayor), J. Bolden and A. F. Spencer (son of the late W. Spencer, M.L.C., and an ex-Mayor, who landed in Bunbury in the forties).

The war has given Bunbury a big setback from the point of view of shipping, but, it is no worse off than many other places, and, it is certain that, once the war is over, the port will resume its wanted air of prosperity. The scarcity of shipping has affected Bunbury, but the principal setback was experienced in connection with the closing down of the timber industry. No ships were available for the export trade, and, perforce, the mills had to close down. The following tables will give some idea of the way in which Bunbury has been hit. It is unfortunate that the figures for the period ending June 30, 1916, are not yet available, as they would enable even a better idea of the depression to be portrayed. The available figures are: —

Arrivals at the Port.

Registered

Year. Ships. Tonnage.

1911 .. .. .. 165 .. .. .. .. 318,248

1912 .. .. .. 170 .. .. .. .. 301,451

1913 .. .. .. 176 .. .. .. .. 293,867

1914 .. .. .. 203 .. .. .. .. 367,687

1915 .. .. .. 132 .. .. .. .. 199,441

This shows that during the first 10 and a half months of the war 71 less ships visited the port, or 168,246 less tonnage was dealt with. The loss is nearly 50 per cent, and the figures for 1916 would disclose an even worse state of affairs. The Timber trade shows more clearly what has happened to Bunbury. In the following table the figures represent loads of 50 ft. timber measurement. The exports were:

1912 .. .. .. .. .. .. 199,965

1912 .. .. .. .. .. .. 207,147

1913 .. .. .. .. .. .. 217,068

1914 .. .. .. .. .. .. 245,088

1915 .. .. .. .. .. .. 162,444

The falling off here, due to the war, was over 82,000 loads, and the full effect was not experienced until 1916. In the year before the war, our principal customers were: — Africa, 63,530 loads; South Australia, 43,854 loads; and India, 38,121 loads.

COLLIE COAL

Here again our local coal seemed to be on the eve of a prosperous career, but the war has deferred the justice which must someday be accorded it. The following table shows the number of steamers bunkered, and the tons of coal exported: —

Steamers. Tons.

1909 .. .. .. 29 11,994

1910 .. .. .. 52 21,531

1911 .. .. .. 60 21,727

1912 .. .. .. 40 14,447

1913 .. .. .. 41 18,057

1914 .. .. .. 71 32,702

1915 .. .. .. 24 7,639

Forty-seven less steamers required Collie coal, and over 25,000 tons less were dealt with.

WOOL

Wool alone shows a gratifying increase from the exporting! point of view, and the figures are as follows: —

1913 .. .. .. .. .. 2190 bales.

1914 .. .. .. .. .. 2670 bales.

1915 .. .. .. .. .. 3502 bales

The figures show an increase of 33 1/3rd per cent, over those of 1914, in spite of the war, and Bunbury will do well to foster this business.

IMPORTS

The imports in order of importance are: — Coal (the irony of it), Groceries, Manure, Sugar, Timber, Rails, Hardware, Wines and Spirits, Galvanised Iron, Beer, Fruits and Jams (again, the irony of it), Bran and Pollard (once more, ditto). Milk (help!), and Bacon. The last item finishes the list and finishes the writer. It seems almost incredible that we are still importing so many of the things which the South-West can produce in abundance. The war will have this good effect. The shortage of shipping has thrown us very much on our own resources, and the necessity for production has been forced upon us. We shall be the better for it, and, it is to be hoped that the tables of imports will year by year show gradually diminishing quantities' as regards many of the items on the above list.

EXPORTS

The principal export figures have already been given under Timber, Coal, and Wool. The other items are negligible. Empty returns, ship stores, and, what would be termed in book-keeping, cross-entries, form the bulk of the remainder. It is to be hoped that, someday, figuring prominently on the list will be wheat, tinned and preserved fruits, potatoes, onions, butter, bacon, etc. Lord, send us a wise administration of the repatriation scheme, and the problem is half solved.

FINANCE

The financial aspect of the Harbour Board's operations are shown in the following table: —

Nett Revenue. Profit.

1913 .. .. .. £27,231 £8,569

1914 .. .. .. £32,303 £10,174

1915 .. .. .. £21,600 £2,794

This nett profit is the amount returned into the State's Consolidated Revenue, after paying interest and sinking fund, and providing for renewals. The revenue in 1913 was derived from the following principal sources: — Wharfage, £19,561; Tonnage dues, £2,139; Springs, £1,529; and Berthage, £1,317.

In 1915, £10,658 was spent on Harbour improvements, but this really means that they added a paltry £484 to what the Harbour Board had paid into the Government account, and returned it.

The capitalised value of the works controlled by the Harbour Board is (30/6/16) £270,121, of which amount £156,229 is invested in the break water. This latter is 4015 feet long, and is at present being extended a further 1000 feet. The jetty is 1200 yards long. Captain Scott is the Harbourmaster, and Mr. W. J. Cope secretary of the Harbour Board. The loading appliances of the port consist of three Gantry cranes (2 electric, 1 steam), one electric winch, and one portable steam crane, whilst the jetty is lighted by electric light and the water laid on.

LIGHTHOUSE

This was opened on the 19th October, 1903 by the then Colonial Secretary, the Hon. Walter Kingsmill, M.L.C. It has an altitude of 123 ft., and is visible over a range of 20 miles. It is of the third order of dioptric light, and of 7000 candle power. Formerly it was erected at Fremantle. The structure itself is 48 ft. high. The light-keepers are: —Messrs. G. Hansen and Mainland.

The Jetty provides for the berthing of 9 vessels, and is connected with the railway system of the State by means of a stone causeway and viaduct. Every vessel berthed can work independently of others.

Storage sheds for grain and oils are provided, as is also space for timber and grain. The anchorage is in 27ft., and moorings with buoys are laid down. There is one tide a day, the average rise being 1ft. 9in.

SAILORS' REST

In dealith with port matters refer to known premises, it is supported by voluntary contributions. Miss Cons, honorary Superintendent, works hard for the Home, and every Tuesday concerts are given by willing workers in the effort to keep the funds abreast of the requirements of the institution.

CHURCHES

Established in Bunbury are the Church of England, Roman Catholic Church, Methodist, Congregationalist and Church of Christ.

The history of the Church of England until the consecration of the first Bishop on the 18th July, 1904, is inseparably wrapped up with that of the town. On the aforementioned date Bunbury became a city. How different it was when the Rev. J. E. Wollaston arrived in 1841. Picton Church, inaugurated by him in the presence of 100 residents, celebrated its 75th birthday on the 8th September last. Until 1844, when the first church was established in Bunbury, the Rev. J. E. Wollaston used to conduct services alternately at Picton, Bunbury and the Vasse. The site for the Bunbury Church was purchased from Mr. Thompson, and is that now occupied by the Cathedral. Mr. Wollaston left for Albany in 1848, and Bunbury was without a clergyman for nearly four years Then succeeded the Revs. W. Mears. H. W. Brown, J. Wright, and J. Withers. The latter arrived in 1864, and was in charge of the parish for 28 years. He was responsible for the present Cathedral building, and tales are told of how he begged bags of corn and chaff to augment the building fund. The contractor (a Mr. Pointon) failed, and the late W. Spencer, M.L.C. generously gave the necessary financial assistance to ensure the completion of the present building on the 11th November, 1866. Thanks to voluntary labour, the whole cost did not exceed £350. The parish of Bridgetown was formed in 1888, until which time the Bunbury parish was about 100 miles by 100 miles. In 1899, the parishes of Donnybrook, Boyanup, Dardanup and Capel were formed. Harvey, Cookernup, Mornington and Collie separated in 1894. In 1906 South Bunbury and Brunswick went on their own.

The first Bishop of Bunbury, the Right Rev. Frederick Goldsmith, D D. V.D., was enthroned on the 18th July 1904. Bishops Stanton and Stretch were present. Bishop Goldsmith resigned early in 1917, and the Right Rev. Dr. Wilson has been elected as second Bishop of Bunbury. Bishop. — The Right Rev. Dr. Cecil Wilson. Archdeacon — Ven. Thos. Louch, M.A. Canons. — Rev. H. J. Adams, Rev. T. Greatorex, Rev. W. Burbidge, M.A., Rev. W. R. Burns, M.A. Examining Chaplains — Ven. Archdeacon Louch, M.A., and Rev. A. E. White. Chancellor.— Hon. S J. Haynes, M.L.C. Church Advocate.— L. Walker, Esq. Registrar of Diocese. — K. M. Eastman Esq. Diocesan Secretary — W. S. Hales, Esq.; Treasurer, T. W. Paisley, Esq. Trustees. — The Bishop, Ven. Archdeacon Louch, Messrs. W. L. Owen, K. M. Eastman, W. Balston, and T. W. Paisley.

THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

The Old Church

Bunbury as the Catholic centre of the South-West, is one of the oldest towns in the state. The first priest whom the oldest residents remember (all parochial records having been destroyed by fire) was an Irishman, by name, Father Lynch. He was succeeded by Archdeacon Lecaille, and the latter by Father McCabe, who assisted in the escape of the political Irish prisoners — chief among whom was John Boyle O'Reilly, poet, Irish patriot and journalist. Father McCabe was again succeeded by Father Brady, who lived on and owned the property now occupied by. Mr. Jack Hands. After Father Brady's resignation, the late Dean Martelli succeeded to the parish of Bunbury, and, on his complete severance from Bunbury, the Ven. Archdeacon Smyth became the Dean and Vicarforane of the South-West.

The present parochial Church has been built over fifty years. It is the second attempt — the first having been partially destroyed by fire. In the very early days a sort of patent monkey organ was the sole source of Church music on Sundays. On the advent of the Sisters of Mercy from Perth, about 42 years ago, a small organ was purchased. The little church was a schoolroom during the week, and a Church on Sunday. This condition of things remained for years until the little brick house, used now for the Infant School, was built. This latter, too, in much more recent times did serve as presbytery for Dean Martelli, Father Kielly and Father Hayes. For the past twenty years, or so St. Joseph 's School has done the two-fold duty of Church and School. With the expansion of the Catholic fold, the old parochial Church was found to be far too small for the ever-increasing congregation. Its capacity was not more than one hundred and sixty, while the Catholic children (not to mention the adults) number three hundred and twenty at the present time.

On every successive Sunday the three services in the big school at 6 a.m., 9.30 a.m., and 7.30 p.m. are crowded, while on any special occasion the seating accommodation is severely taxed. The week-day morning Mass and evening Devotions are still held in the little Church; which at its opening, was dedicated to the Apostle of Ireland, St. Patrick.

The New Church

Five years ago there was not a square inch of Church ground on which to build a Church nor one pound of credit to a Catholics own the finest building site —Church Building Fund. Today, the that of Bury Hill — in Bunbury. It commands a picturesque view of the harbour, town, and a fifty miles' sweep of the Indian Ocean. Were it not for the awful slump caused by the Great War, a fine building would long ago have graced that hill, and beside it a strange to the many who have been reared in Bunbury, and who have spent their youthful days in St. Joseph's School, during the week, and have seen it transformed into a Church on Sundays. Still, in an old town like Bunbury, it is a fearful anomaly. Tourists and casual visitors vainly search the hills and the 'vantage positions for the proverbial Church seated on the hill. In Bunbury, they look disappointed, if not astonished, because the old town is entirely out of it.

However, we must live and hope on, and continue to long for the day when Bury Hill will be crowned with a Church of rare and chaste architectural beauty. Let us hope that it will be a thing of beauty and a joy forever. Catholics do not build for the present generation; they look to the future; they are always confident of expansion. They know that the present generation is merely the nucleus of a larger assembly, and with that anticipation they hope to raise a large structure, whose position will arrest the attention of the stranger, and whose capacity will meet every demand for room and comfort. The leading Diocesan architect has already viewed the site, and is engaged on the plans and specifications. At present every modest effort (despite the hundred and one calls for money) is being made to increase the total of the Building Fund.

Amid the boom and hum of patriotism, the voice pleading for a Church of God is often like the voice in the wilderness; though in all truth be it admitted, the fund has accumulated steadily and solidly. Two large blocks have been purchased out of the hard earnings of the people; while daily negotiation for another block promises finality in the near future. It is evident that the congregation has grown weary of the way of the past. The few remaining pioneer workers seem to think that they may be called to their eternal reward without seeing the dream of their lives realised. However, they may rest assured that as soon as the cloud lifts at all, and the Church committee can look ahead with hope, no effort will be left untried to put the work of the new Church in hand.

The Congregational Church was established in 1866 by the Rev. A. Buchanan, who still survives. Services, however, were held as early as 1843, and Willard Hall was used for worship in 1861. The present really fine building, which seats 350 people, was opened by Sir John Forrest in 1897. The present pastor is the Rev. S. W. Edwards. Other officials are A. Nilsson, Esq. (treasurer), and E. Shaw, Esq. (secretary). In conjunction with the church are the following movements: — Sunday School, Willing Workers' League, and the W.A. Sea Scouts.

The Methodist Church (Rev. W. W. Roger), and the Church of Christ (Rev. F. Alcorn) ensure that all shades of religious opinion are catered for. 

The Methodist Church, Bunbury.

As far as can be learned the Methodist Church has been established in Bunbury for about forty years. The property consists of a church accommodating 200, a school hall with the same accommodation, and a manse of comfortable proportions, all erected upon a fine block of land in Stirling street just under Reservoir Hill. The valuation of the property is about £2000. For many years the choir has been noted for its large membership and splendid musical capacity. The Rev. W. W. Roger is the pastor of the Church, and holds the office of chairman of the South-West District. Mr W. Lowe is trust secretary, and Mr. R. Sanderson circuit steward. The Church has a membership of 100, and the Sunday School an enrolment of 160 scholars, and 17 teachers. In connection with the Sunday School, there is a Troop of Girl Guides, under Capt. (Mrs.) Roger, and Senior and Junior troops of Boy Scouts under Scout Master Roger.

THE ROYAL SHOW

Bunbury has its own Show, run by the Wellington Agricultural and Pastoral Society. Its origin is obscured in mystery. Although some residents still living remember the Annual Show as an event 50 years ago, no clear records are available dating further back than Jubilee year. The President is Mr. G. C. Money, M.L.A., and it is his proud boast that lie occupied the position of Secretary 23 years ago, shortly after arriving from the old country. Mr. F. J. Hamilton is the energetic Secretary, and the committee, comprised of the following gentlemen, is safe in leaving to him the carrying out of the arduous work initiated by them. Roberts, and H. J. Menois.

The President's Cup, which is of the value of £5 5s is given for the competitor scoring the highest number of points in the cattle, sheep, pigs, and horses (except in action) sections. The various sections of the Show are: — A — Horses; B — Cattle; C — Sheep; D — Pigs; E — Dogs; F — Poultry; G — Machinery; H — Carriages; I — W.A. Agricultural Produce; J — Dairy Produce; K — Vegetables; L — Fruit; M — Dried and Preserved Fruits, Honey, etc.; N — Industrial; O — Children's Industries; P — Flowers.

MAGISTRACY

The Court of Quarter Sessions sits on the third Wednesday in the months of January, April, July and October. The sittings of the Local Court are on the second Tuesday in the month.

The Chairman of Quarter Sessions and Stipendiary Magistrate is Mr. Willam Lambden Owen, A.M.I.C.E. This gentleman is also Licensing Magistrate and Coroner for the Wellington, Sussex, Blackwood and Collie districts, Magistrate of the Local Courts at Busselton, Bridgetown, Greenbushes, and Collie, Warden of the Greenbushes Tin field and Collie Coalfield, and Treasury Paymaster. Mr. Owen was born on the 12th March, 1861, and has spent 31 years in the service of the State Government.

The Clerk of Courts (Police, Local and Licensing) is Mr. G. A. Eastaugh, who also acts as Treasury Cashier, Electoral Registrar, Land Agent, and Registrar of Births, Deaths, and Marriages. This gentleman was born 6th October, 1874, and has devoted 23 years to the W.A. Government service. He has the distinction of being the only Civil Servant who has passed the examination for the magistracy under the new Act which recently came into force.

Mr. W. E. Parham is Mr. Eastaugh 's understudy. Justices of the Peace: — J. F. Johnston, E. Forrest, J. H. Forrest, E. M. Clarke, G. C. Rose, J. H. Carr, A. E. Foreman, S. C. Joel, W. C. Ramsay, A. F. Spencer, J. G. Baldock, A. Noith, and J. A. Boor. Bailiff of the Local Court: Sergeant Pilmer.

BUNBURY ROAD BOARD

The area controlled by the Bunbury Road Board is 16,000 acres, and the annual revenue is £700. The unimproved value of land in the district is about £55,000. Chairman: J. F. Johnston, Esq. Members: J. G. Hough, E. T Wass, E H. Withers, C. H. Lewin. F. J. Hamilton and P. Rose. Secretary: W S Hales.

BUNBURY - An Ideal Seaside Resort

In Bunbury, West Australia has an ideal seaside resort. The advantages possessed by it make it certain that a great deal of the future prosperity of the town will arise from the annual influx of summer visitors. No town with its attractions is nearer the capital city. A pleasant afternoon, it is true, can be passed at Cottesloe or North Beach, but persons requiring a change of air with their holiday must select Bunbury.

First of all let us consider its position. Situated on Koombana Bay at the mouth of the Leschenault Estuary, into which flow the Preston, Brunswick and Collie Rivers, it is only 110 miles south of Perth. The tram service is sufficient, when the needs of the time are considered, and the fare within the reach of all. In less than five hours a visitor is transported to the capital of the South-West. Although the distance is so short, as distances go in our vast island continent, it is sufficient to ensure visitors a pleasant change of climate in the summer. Goldfielders and metropolitan residents all praise Bunbury's summer weather. Bright, sunny cold shower bath, so clean-cut and clear does every feature stand out. Standing on the eminence at the ocean end of Wellington-street

A Beautiful Panorama unfolds itself to the delighted eyes of the stranger. Behind him is the flat, opalescent ocean, fringed with a lazy, lapping surf, as far as the eye can see. Before him stretches the town, every house standing out in relief and scintillating in the sun's rays; red roof, white roof, green trees — a harmony in color. Fringing the town are the harbour and the estuary, lazy glimpses of bluish iridescent water. To complete the delightful picture, away in the distance as a frame are the Ranges, softly blue in colouring, such as Lister Lister loves to depict.

The scene is one to charm the eye and delight the mind. No better rest could be devised for the tired city worker, or the convalescent than the quiet contemplation, of this view. 

The summer temperatures are invariably below those of Perth. Indeed, the thermometer passes the 90 mark on few days in the year, and a registration of 100 is almost unknown. These are the climatic and scenic beauties which the people of Bunbury invite visitors to share with them. Now for some other features, all with attractions for the jaded spirit. 

Surf bathing is indulged in through out the season, and the local Surf Club sees that every facility for the comfort of bathers is present. Those not wishing to take an active part in this health-giving exercise can keep cool on the hottest day watching the hundreds who are indulging in the sport. An other alternative is open to them. At the end of the main street of the town, just where the jetty commences its long march out into the harbour, are the municipal baths. Here bathing is enjoyed by both sexes the livelong day. Diving boards, Roman rings, shower baths are all there and the lessee supplies light refreshments to add still more to the visitor's comfort. The baths enclose a fail area of deep water, and a strong palisading ensures that they are shark proof. Weekly tickets cost 1/-, and a special part of the baths is reserved for young children, free of charge. 

Tennis, croquet, golf are other local industries all catering for the visitor's entertainment. 

Beautiful drives abound near Bunbury, and the motor car proprietors ar range for frequent and varied trips at reasonable rates. Quaint old-world scenery prevails, and rural England it in many places brought to the mind The landscape retains its verdure longer than is the case in the vicinity of Perth. Lazy rivers and streams with pretty bridges spanning them are frequently met with, and, on some routes, unexpected views of the waters of the Estuary occur to charm the mind. The Eternal Hills, with their deep quietude, are comparatively close to the town, and a trip to them is an enjoyable experience. 

Water trips are numerous and all delightful, whether the visitors desire be to fish or just laze away the afternoon. Turkey Point is a favourite rendezvous, and the proprietor of the establishment there provides everything requisite for picnic parties. The fare is 1/- return. A little further away is the Collie Elver (fare 1/6), where motor launches run every Wednesday and Sunday. Refreshments are obtainable at a house between the old and the new bridges and no better method could be found of spending a pleasant afternoon.

Followers of the piscatorial art can enjoy themselves to their heart's content, the fishing being extremely good and every facility present for indulging in it. Turkey Point is noted for its whiting, and Collie Bridge for bream. Boats can be hired at 1/- per hour, or 6/. per diem. 

Good shooting is also obtainable, but visitors must go a little further afield for that form of sport. 

So far this article has been written as though every visitor were grown-up. Bunbury realises, however, that the town possesses Special Attractions for the wives and families of busy city men, who cannot spare themselves a long holiday. In. the summer, the town is full of such, the husbands coming down for the weekends. So it has been part of the set policy of the place to cater for the youngsters. Equally with their elders they enjoy the delights of surf, bathing and of the swimming baths. In addition, swings, merry-go-rounds, and giant strides are provided. Simple pleasures all, out the delight of the juvenile in the simple things of life is a beautiful thing to contemplate. Oh, that we retained the same pleasurable facility in our more advanced years. Life would be the pleasanter for it. 

No description of Bunbury's summer attractions would be complete without some reference to the Picture Show, and other forms of entertainment. At the former, good, clean up-to-date films are put on, and crowded houses testify. 

Hotels and boarding-houses are numerous, and all sorts of pockets can be suited. The former are, for the most part, well built, imposing looking edifices, fitted with every modern convenience. All alike treat their clients well providing a good talle, sizeable rooms, and prompt attention. In the matter of accommodation, however, the intending visitor would be wise to write to any of the hotels mentioned in this paper booking their rooms in advance, as, during the summer, the town's resources ate taxed to their utmost capacity. 

Furnished houses to let are not common, but a few are obtainable by advertising early in the season. 

No other place so near Perth can charm the heart like Bunbury, and one and all are welcomed to the town by the residents with a spontaneity only to be met here.

RAILWAY EXCURSIONS

To Bunbury usually commence in December, and, at intervals special cheap tickets are issued to women and children of the Goldfields. Commodious premises belonging to the Goldfieal's Fresh Air League are situated in Bunbury, thus clearly demonstrating that that

body considers the town the most suitable for its purposes. Here, large numbers of children are enabled to enjoy the advantages of a week or so at the seaside, and there is no doubt but what the boys and girls are pent home considerably benefitted by their trip. 

It is impossible just at this season of the year, when trains and fares are being changed, to give absolutely correct figures, and it would be advisable for intending visitors to consult the latest timetable. However, the following list of fares will be an approximate guide for those in doubt as to the cost:

FARES TO BUNBURY.

(Subject to alteration by the Railway Department) .

From December to March.

Station from 1st Class. 2nd Class

Leonora .. .. .. 112/       71/6

Malcolm .. .. .. 109/6     70/

Menzies .. .. ..  98/6      63/6

Boulder .. .. ..   85/6      55/

Kalgoorlie .. .. .85/        55/

Perth .. .. ..      18/6      10/6

Perth .. .. ..      25/7      15/7

One month—Saturday afternoon train. One month — any train. From December 15th to 25th only.

Leonora .. .. ..       97/       65/

Malcolm .. .. ..       95/       63/

Menzies .. .. ..       87/       58/

Boulder .. .. ..        77/       51/

Kalgoorlie .. ..        77/       51/

Coolgardie .. ..       74/      49/5

Southern Cross .. .59/       37/6

Available three months.

Perth .. .. .. 18/6       10/6

One month only.

Tickets at correspondingly low rates are also issued from all intermediate stations.

Extra cheap second-class tickets are issued to the women and children of the Goldfields to Bunbury, on dates to be advertised by the Railway Department available for one month. As. an instance the fare from Kalgoorlie is: — 

Adult, 30/-; children under 14, 12/6; children under 5 years, free. 

For further details see the Railway Handbills exhibited at all stations.

Special Cheap Tickets— 18/6 1st class, 10/6 2nd class — are issued from Perth to Bunbury, by the Friday night train, leaving Central Station at 10.50 p.m.; available for one month.

TURKEY POINT 

Is destined to prove a big attraction to summer visitors. Here, Mr. J. Walters, an ex-orchardist of the Bridgetown district, has poured out money in his endeavour to make an attractive picnic and camping ground, and he has succeeded. Seven hundred people witnessed the opening of this local Coney Island on Eight Hours' Day, and, it is certain that, during the season, Turkey Point will be overrun with visitors. A large tea-pavilion not only ensures creature comforts, but provides a roomy floor for dancing, and it is Mr. Walters' intention to run two dances weekly in the summer. Picnic parties may hire«ghel_ter sheds, ana cricket sets, swings, sea saws, etc., are there for the delectation of the young and active. Tennis courts and bowling greens are in course of preparation. Chiefly attractive, however, are the camps which may be hired at per week. They form an ideal means of spending a cheap but enjoyable holiday. A novelty is a kind of floating camp It is really an 'open-work' houseboat. The party hiring it is towed to a good fishing ground, and there he may remain until he's tired of it, there being every utensil on board for a long stay out on the water.

BUNBURY ACCOMMODATION

There are numerous good hotels in Bunbury, chief amongst which. are The Rose (Mrs. Ilingworth), Prince of Wales (W. L. Marsh), Federal (E. Cocks), Wellington (J. Vick), Parade (M. Ward), Pier (Tom Bell), Gordon's (W. Kiffin Thomas), the Burlington (E. Harrison), and The Ocean Beach (R. T. Shackleton). Coffee Palaces are: The Grand Central (Mrs. Gill), Kalgoorlie House (J. Gill), Toronto House (J. Nuttal), Austral (Mrs. Rosser), and Victoria (Mrs. Henderson). Boarding houses are rim by Mrs. Parham (Enfield Villa), Mrs. Barrett (Cambridge Villa), Miss McKay ' (Bedford House), and Mrs. Birch (Waartgar'e Villa). 

The tariff varies from 25/. at the boarding houses to £2 2s. at the hotels. It is advisable to book accommodation well ahead to avoid disappointment.

RACING

There is a local Racing Club, of which Mr. E. Harrison is the President, and Mr. C. Birch, secretary. A very enjoyable meeting is held annually in January. As a final word to an article descriptive of Bunbury in the season, it is appropriate to refer to the good work being done by the Bunbury Entertainment Committee. Initiated for the purpose of bringing the town and its attractions under the notice of West Australians, and also to look after them when here, great work in those directions has been accomplished. The secretary is always keen to afford prospective guests every information, and a letter will receive a prompt reply.

Bunbury— It's Future

(Specially written for the 'Bunbury Herald.')

Today, when most communities are asking 'what are our prospects of business, and general prosperity, after the conclusion of the great war,' it is a matter of congratulation to ourselves in Bunbury, that we can view the future situation, not only with equanimity but with an optimism which is as well founded, as it is gratifying. Nature herself has provided the country of which Bunbury is the port, and gateway opening to the world, with sources of wealth, which, properly developed, will make us a rich and prosperous people to an extent which only a limited few understand and realise. As a commercial centre, Bunbury has a double advantage to offer men of enterprise, and who have faith in themselves. Firstly, it is the natural port of export, of one of the most fertile portions of the Commonwealth. Prior to the war, it ranked for value in exports, as the fourth port in Australia, including Tasmania. This was due, as those residing here now, to the great activity displayed in the timber production of the South West, and the extraordinary richness, and wide extent, of our vast forests of magnificent hardwoods, the commercial value of which has been proved to be second to none in the world. In the light of past experience, in the timber trade alone, Bunbury has enjoyed a prosperity which indicates almost inimitable future prospects. In the early stages of the trade, jarrah, for wood paving, formed a large portion of ships' cargoes. Later, the durability of the same wood for railway sleepers became known to the world, and later still, scanting was sent away in large quantities. The market for Western Australian hardwoods having therefore been already established, no advertising or sample shipments will be necessary to re-establish the trade which has practically gone to pieces, in the present unprecedented world upheaval. The destruction of whole forests has made the world more dependent than ever on Western Australia hardwoods. The wholesale destruction of entire towns, and villages, which of a certainty will in most cases be rebuilt, will create a demand for hardwoods, which is at present beyond the power of man to estimate. Railway systems which have been destroyed will have to be reconstructed. Repairs to railway systems, which have, through lack of shipping, been allowed to fall into more or less dis-repair, or, at the best, have been kept in running order by inferior temporary expedients, will create on immediate demand for the best material procurable. All these conditions must result in our forests becoming once more a veritable hive of industry, and the port of Bunbury becoming a centre of activity greater far than anything which we have experienced in the past. In addition to the export of jarrah, the scientific treatment of karri has enhanced its value as a hardwood to an extent known only to those closely connected with the industry, and this factor alone will create a demand for additional ships, the loading of which must take place at the port of Bunbury. 

Many in our midst have become so accustomed to regard our shipping capabilities as, limited almost entirely to the export of timber, that the enormous resources of the South-West in Other respects have been very largely overlooked. This unfortunate state of ignorance applies even to public men, who have not the knowledge of this portion of the State, which the most extensive agricultural area of Western Australia should command. It is this want of knowledge, and this alone, which has been responsible for the long-drawn-out delay in completing the construction of the Wagin-Bowelling railway, more usually spoken of as the 'Wagin Westward' railway. Judging from the recent speech made by the Col. Treasurer in Bunbury, in which the gentleman made much of the point that only by increased production could we again get back to a state of normal prosperity,is it hoping too much to expect that supreme efforts will be made to complete this long-promised public work, which can alone ensure that this port shall derive all' the benefits to which its position entitles it. It will give the producer a greater opportunity of increasing his produce, by the saving of at least 2/6 per ton in freight; this saving of 2/6 whether it be in freight charges, or the increased price he receives for his produce, will enable him to further augment his production. In pursuance of the Colonial Treasurer's policy of helping the settle to produce, we are encouraged to hope that 36 this line will not only have this effect, but that it will be from the out set, a reproductive public work, that the completion of it will no longer be delayed. When it is realised that there are tens of thousands of acres in the districts referred to, which can produce in tremendous quantities, wheat, wool, and chaff, and that it will be one of the most productive districts in Western Australia and that Bunbury by virtue of its geographical position is the natural port of export for the same, we may well feel sanguine as to the future. 

Another great source of future prosperity to Bunbury will be made available on the completion of the present section of The Harbour Scheme, which will provide for deep water berths. When these are available, the establishment of cool storage accommodation must naturally follow, which will result in at least half the export of fruit from the entire State passing through our harbour. 

The whole area surrounding Bun bury has long been recognised as the Western Australian home of the tuber. The production of the potato is rapidly approaching the limit required for home consumption. Official investigations, extended over the last ten years, have brought out the fact, that proportionally, acre for acre, Western Australian production has exceeded that of Victoria, by over nine, and nearly ten, per cent. When the time arrives and the production of potatoes in this State overtakes the demand for local consumption, and it is estimated that this will happen approximately within three years, there will be a ready market in South Africa for any surplus which can be produced for many a year to come. In this instance again, Bunbury must be the port of export for almost the whole of this trade. We have dealt so far on part of what is not only possible, but practically certain, in regard to the future of our export trade. There remains as the result of a practical scheme of irrigation a vista of opportunities which well nigh baffles the imagination. It has been estimated that the Collie River Irrigation Scheme worked at its maximum could serve forty thousand acres of good productive land. Under intense culture this area has been judged capable of supporting 4000 families. What this would mean to Bunbury, which would be the centre of trade for such a community, added to our present contiguous population, is difficult to describe. The second advantage which Bunbury offers to commercial men of enterprise and experience, to whom we have referred, is in the establishment of local factories, connected with the dairying and fruit industries. We have already a butter factory, when during the short time that it has been in existence has clearly demonstrated what can be done in this direction. We have a sure guarantee of the future, in the article now being produced, and the experience of Victoria in the early nineties. In this connection we are reminded of the now historic remark, of the late Thomas Bent, the Victorian statesman, who, on a memorable occasion said that, when ever he saw a cow grazing he felt inclined to take his hat off to it. It was the Manufacture of Butter and its export of which mainly enabled Victoria to recover from the financial crash of the early '90 's, and the development of the dairying industry in the South-West, which must come, cannot fail to be of immense value to Bunbury. In addition to this there is the avenue open in the pig-raising and ham and bacon-curing lines. We are glad to be able to record that this matter has already been taken up by one enterprising firm, and from a public point of view, it should be accorded the largest possible measure of local support. 

The manufacture and distribution of cheese is still another adjunct of dairy farming, which, at a future date, must be a valuable article of commerce. 

In connection with the fruit industry, a fruit-pulp factory, under capable management, should provide a handsome return for capital invested, as enquiries go to prove that there is an ample market for this product both here and outside the State. When the local demand for the above is overtaken all the articles referred to will find a ready export market. The limitations of space prevent us in the present article from doing more than merely indicating under a few headings the various industries which if developed will lead to an immense future for Bunbury. We have merely alluded to what is most likely to happen in the near future, after the conclusion of the war, when shipping, which is now engaged in providing means for the destruction of life and property, is released for the purpose of assisting industry and promoting prosperity. We cannot, however, close this article without a reference to the question of Collie Coal and the ill-treatment accorded this port in the matter of the failure to make it a wool appraisement port. Regarding the former we hope that the joint representatives of the South-West will never rest, until the Government, no matter what administration may be in power, lends its best support to the development of the bunkering trade, and the use of Collie coal on the Government railways to the greatest extent possible. 

Regarding wool, which should form a valuable item of export, unless the district makes a strong effort to obtain unanimous and concerted action on the part of our Federal representatives, to secure to this port its natural rights there is a grave danger of it being closed as a wool export port. 

With faith in the district, and courageous and capable development, and the substitution of big ideals for petty provincialisms, and spiteful personalities, the future of Bunbury must be a great and prosperous one.

A FRIENDLY CHAT. With Bunbury Citizens. And Country Visitors.

We are of opinion that no one will be prepared to contradict the assertion that the 'Bunbury Herald' is endeavouring, and successfully, to provide thoroughly readable matter for all classes. It realises that its chief function is to provide news, just as a butcher sells you meat, or a baker, bread. Scissors and paste methods are 'tabu' in the office, The 'Herald' is a Bunbury paper (indeed, it is the oldest established paper in the S.W., having first seen the light of day 27 years ago), and it is out to give you Bunbury news. That its enterprise is appreciated is amply shown by its rapidly increasing circle of readers in both town and country. But any amount of support is needed, and we confidently ask you to accord us that by becoming a subscriber to the paper, if not already one. The stronger our subscribers' list, the more power to help Bunbury and district will we possess. Do not just say that the paper is good, and then do nothing. Such support is of no avail, and it is due to that very tendency to do nothing that the great South-West has been neglected in the past. Mr. Lefroy, the Premier, admitted that in his Policy Speech. Just sit right down when you get home, and write a letter to the Editor, ordering the paper for one year at a cost of 8/8 to yourself. If you already take it in, show it to your friends, and induce them to become subscribers. To show what we mean by enterprise, we might mention that it is our intention, in spite of the fact that this special number has only been produced today, to bring out another one, A Special Show Number, as soon as we possibly can after today. A special staff, including a photographer, is on the ground, and the best brains have been retained to deal with the various departments of the Show. The number will be something to keep, and anyone desirous of possessing it, should write early to avoid disappointment, and, while writing, ask for the paper to be sent regularly. An Eight Paged Paper on Saturday is a feature to be introduced within the next month. This will enable us to dwell at greater length on local items of news, and, in addition, we hope to specially cater for the 'Man on the Land.' No farmer should be without our Saturday issue once the new features are introduced. Support the 'Herald' and you will strengthen our hands in securing justice for the South-West. We do not intend tolerating any longer the politicians who yap about the great future of the 'South-West. The politician who will receive our support is the one who tries to obliterate the future by making it the present. That may be Irish, but it expresses our sentiments. We all depend on the South-West's future, and we must all work together to achieve it. The time has gone by for doing nothing. 

Finally, let us ask non-subscribers to Do It Now, while the pen is handy, and the mind free.

Conclusion

The proprietors of the 'Bunbury Herald' beg to acknowledge with thanks the ready assistance rendered by Cr. Paisley, the Town Clerk, the Secretary of the Harbour Board, and many others, in compiling the above facts and figures. They would be glad to hear from anyone able to augment, or correct, in any particular, the information contained herein.